Vocabulary:
genetics- the scientific study of heredity
fertilization- during sexual reproduction, male and females reproductive cells join
true-breeding- produces offspring identical to themselves
trait-specific characteristic
hybrids- the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
genes- sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
alleles- different forms of a gene
segregation-seperation of alleles during gamete formation
gametes- sex cells
probability- the likelihood that a particular event will occur
Punnet Square- the gene combination's that might result from a genetic cross
homozygous- organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait-TT, tt
heterozygous- organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait-Tt
Phenotype- physical characteristics
genotype- genetic makeup
independent assortment- independent segregation of genes during the formation of gamates
incomplete dominance- one allele is not completely dominant over another
codominance- both alleles contribute to the phenotype
multiple alleles- genes have more than two alleles
polygenic traits- traits controlled by two or more genes
homologous- each of the 4 chromosomes that came form the male parent has a corresponding chromosome fro the female parent
diploid- a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid- single set of chromosomes
meiosis- process of reproduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
tetrad- each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homoloogous chromosome
crossing-over- homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids
gene map- shows the reletive locations of each known gene
genetics- the scientific study of heredity
fertilization- during sexual reproduction, male and females reproductive cells join
true-breeding- produces offspring identical to themselves
trait-specific characteristic
hybrids- the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
genes- sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
alleles- different forms of a gene
segregation-seperation of alleles during gamete formation
gametes- sex cells
probability- the likelihood that a particular event will occur
Punnet Square- the gene combination's that might result from a genetic cross
homozygous- organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait-TT, tt
heterozygous- organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait-Tt
Phenotype- physical characteristics
genotype- genetic makeup
independent assortment- independent segregation of genes during the formation of gamates
incomplete dominance- one allele is not completely dominant over another
codominance- both alleles contribute to the phenotype
multiple alleles- genes have more than two alleles
polygenic traits- traits controlled by two or more genes
homologous- each of the 4 chromosomes that came form the male parent has a corresponding chromosome fro the female parent
diploid- a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid- single set of chromosomes
meiosis- process of reproduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
tetrad- each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homoloogous chromosome
crossing-over- homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids
gene map- shows the reletive locations of each known gene